Calculating machine



July 16, 1935. P BLANK 2,008,124

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. l2, 1931 2`SheetS-She0't l ATTORNEY July 16, 1935. P. BIALIK CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. l2, 1931y 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 5 Q 9 a 2 w w l//- Z l l0 W. 4, 4./ /r 2 l 2 4 S 5. M/ Mw 4 M l 2 m 5 ,w .Mn lm U V a IIUH, 0 5 f# M/ O L11 lli. L 9 9 0 9 3 3 n n w.

5- FLEJE- FLE INVENTOR. Pda/ /kz/// ATTORNEY Z ,m 0 F. o 1. 1 Af/4M l no 0 W /L J 3 n M 5 [M\ E E M les Patented July 16, 193s UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GALCULATING MACHINE Paul mank, oakland,

Calif., assignor to Marchant Calculating Machine Company, a corpo- The present invention relates to calculating machines which are adapted to perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and particularly to that class in which one factor of the calculation is set up in what is known as an actuator drum, by the rotation of which the values set up thereon are transferred into a series of numeral wheels collectively known as an accumulatorff'f j The invention relates particularly to the aocumulator mechanism. The actuator drum and other necessary mechanism that constitute the complete machine may be Aof any approved construction. 'I'he machine may be either hand roperated or motor driven.

In calculating machines of the class to which the invention is applicable, the actuator Adrum preferably consists of a train of coaxial actuator units, each of which contains adjustable members capable of being set in different positions varying in accordance with the digits 1 to 9. Representative machines of this class are disclosed in Patents No. 1,643,710, September 27, 1927 to C. M. F. Friden, and No. 1,080,245, December 2, 1913, to F. S. Baldwin. In such machines the accumulator consists of a series of coaxial numeral wheels, each of which is adapted to be rotated by one of the actuator units, and advanced thereby (in either positive or negative direction), an angular distance determined by the magnitude of the digit previously set up therein. This series of numeral wheels is mounted on a frame called the carriage, which is slidable in a direction parallel with the actuator axis, and

' maintains the accumulator wheels in proper op1 erative relation to the actuator units.

In the accumulator train a tens carrying mechanism for each numeral wheel, except the one of highest order, is of course necessary. It has been the practice to employ for this purpose a type of transfer mechanism in which shiftable intermediate members controlled by the accumulater wheels, control in turn certain toothed transfer members, carried 'by the actuator drimi or an associated rotary device. These transfer members are adapted to engage certain toothed wheels that are geared to the accumulator Wheels and operate to advance same one step at the time a transfer is to be effected.

It is the primary object or" the present inven tion to provide an improved form of transfer mechanism by which the tens transer from one accumulator Wheel to the Wheel of next higher order is eected directly by the wheel itself ine- 1931, Serial No. 508,143

(Cl. 23S-136) stead of by toothed members associated with the actuator drum.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a transfer mechanism of the above type which is operative for effecting the transfer in 5 either the positive or negative direction of rotation imparted to Athe accumulator wheels.

A further object is to provide a mechanism by which the transfer from one accumulator wheel to the next in order, and the rotation of the latter imparted thereto by the actuator, may take place simultaneously. In other words, any one numeral wheel to which a Value is being transmitted (either positively or negatively) may simultaneously be advanced (either positively or negatively) one step by the Wheel in next lower order as it happens to pass from 9 to 0 or from 0 j to 9, depending on Whether the rotation is positive or negative.

A further object of the invention is to provide a transfer mechanism that is simple in construction and quick in action.

One of the advantages gained by the invention is the greater speed of rotation f the actuator drum made possible by the fact that the transfer members associated with same are omitted. In machines where the transfer is effected by mechanism operated by the actuator drum it is necessary that the operation of transmitting the values set up therein be completed before the transfer operation begins. This requirement necessitates that the complete cycle or period of the actuator drum be divided into three divisions, in one of which the transmission of the setup values into the accumulator wheels takes place, and in one or the other of the remaining two divisions the transfer operation is eected. By the mechanism of the present invention the transfer taires place simultaneously with the value transmitting operation as above stated. This allows the value transmitting operation to be spread throughout a large portion of the complete cycle of the actuator drum. The adjustable members of the actuator units which. operate the accumulator Wheels may therefore be arranged on a comparatively short radius and a corresponding higher speed of the drum is thereby rendered permissible, since their peripheral speed is thus held below the point at which the numeral wheels would overthrow.

'in machines wherein the transfer operation is cheated by the actuator drum, the number of ec cumulator wheels to which the transfer operation may be applied. is lnnitfcd to the number of the transfer or carry members operated by the actna-l y tor drum. In practice the maximum number of these carry members possible is considerably less than the number of accumulator wheels ordinarily contained in the carriage, and where many large numbers are to be added successively this limitation has been found a great disadvantage. In the accumulator mechanism comprising the present invention each numeral wheel except the one at the extreme leftend is supplied with its cooperating transfer unit. Thus the full capacity of the accumulator may be utilized. This feature constitutes further advantage to be gained by the invention.

Following is a specification describing a preferred embodiment of the invention. In connection therewith reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a view of that portion of the calculating machine containing the actuator drum, the carriage mechanism and the control devices associated with each. The view is a transverse section taken on a plane between two numeral wheels in the carriage and between two actuator units in the actuator drum. V

Figure 2 is a transverse section through the carriage taken on line 2 2 of Figure 4, and shows the members of a transfer mechanism in their vnormal positions as required for the operation of addition.

Figure 3 is a similar sectional view showing the members of a transfer mechanism as shifted from their normal positions into the positions required for the operation of subtraction.

Figure 4 is a view of the carriage detached from the machine, the casing thereof being partially broken away to expose the accumulator numeral wheels and their associated transfer devices.

Figure 5 is a transverse section of the carriage taken on line 5 5 of Figure 4. 1

Figure 6 is an enlargedsectional view on line 6 6 of Figure 4, showing a portion of the gear train for effecting the transmission of rotary motion from an actuator unit, or from a transfer mechanism, to a numeral wheel.

Figure 7 is an enlarged longitudinal section of an accumulator numeral wheel with its contiguous gear and ratchet mechanism.

Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse section on the line 8 8 of Figure 7, showing a part of the mechanism by which the zero setting or clearing of the accumulator numeral wheels is effected.

Figure 9 is a sectionon the line 9 9 of Figure 4, showing a cam mechanism which constitutes another part of lthe clearing mechanism.

Although other types of actuator drums, such as that disclosed in the above stated Friden Patent No. 1,643,710 may be employed in connection with the present accumulator mechanism, the type which I prefer to employ is that disclosed in the Baldwin Patent No. 1,080,245. 'The advantage of this type of actuator, in the present case, lies in the fact that its construction allows that the engagement of the accumulator wheels by the adjustable actuator members may take place throughout a large portion of the complete cycle of the actuator drum.

In the present disclosure it is assumed that the accumulator unit comprising the invention is incorporated in a machine which is the same in every respect as that disclosed in the above stated Friden Patentl No. 1,643,710 except that the actuator drum and associated key control mechanism are replaced. by corresponding units similar to those disclosed in the said Baldwin patent. The machine in the Friden patent is motor driven and is provided with connections by which the actuator may be rotated in either direction, and will, when brought to a stop, rest in its full cycle position. The accumulator unit of'this invention may also be applied, if desired, to other machines of the same class, but hand driven instead of motor driven, a representative of which is disclosed in another patent to Friden, No. 1,634,990, July 5, 1927.

The carriage and its included accumulator mechanism is indicated as a. unit by the number 400. In Figure 4this unit is shown as detached from the machine. In Figure 1 it is shown slidably mounted in its guideway 500, which is an integral part of the machine frame.

Referring to Figure 1, the actuator drum is mounted on a splined rotary shaft 3M. One only of the actuator units is shown, the same comprising the two adjustable transmitting members 30'! and 309, Each of these members carry equally spaced laterally extending pins 306 which are arranged at uniform radial distances and are adapted to engage the teeth of an intermediate idler gear 40 l, through which rotation is imparted to one of the accumulator wheels.

The four pins in member 301 are of varying length and the ve pins in member 309 are of uniform length. Both of these members are shiftable on the actuator shaft 304 so that, upon rotation of same, diiferent numerical values (according to the setting) will be transmitted into the associated numeral wheel in the`accumulator train.

For a full description of the above actuator units and of mechanism by which the two pin carrying members thereof are shifted to different positions by depression of keys, reference is made to the above stated Baldwin Patent No. 1,080,245. A similar key controlled setting mechanism is herein shown in Figure 1, although it is understood that any other suitable mechanism for setting the shiftable members may be employed.

A pair of similar levers 3 I9 and 3 I 9A, one located directly in front of the other as viewed in Figure l, are provided with downwardly extending bail like portions 32| and 32|A. The lower ends of these bails (not shown) are provided with pivotal connections on the machine base. The construction is clearly disclosed in Figures 3 and 4 ir. the drawings of the stated Baldwin patent. The upper forked ends of the two levers are operatively connected with the two members of an actuator unit, and are adapted to set same by the action thereon of any one of their controlling keys, one of which is shown at 324. The construction and operation is the same as that shown in the two gures above mentioned, and described fully in the specification of the said Baldwin patent.

Theaccumulator wheels 402 are fitted for free rotation onA a common shaft 403 which is journaled in the end plates on the carriage. Normally this shaft remains stationary, but it is adapted to be rotated either automatically or manually for the purpose of zero setting or clearing of the wheels. The mechanism by which the clearing operation is effected will be described later. Each of the accumulator wheels with its associated transfer devices constitutes a unit mechanism. All of these units in the accumulator train being identical. the following description will be confined to a single one.

The accumulator wheel 402 is recessed as shown in Figure 7, the periphery of the recess being provided with gear teeth 604, forming an internal gear that is integral with the wheel. Fitted for free rotation on the shaft 403 is a sleeve 405,

2,008,124 integral with one end of which is a gear Wheel 406.

This gear wheel rests adjacent the face of the recess in wheel 402, its tooth face being in alignment with the tooth face of internal gear 404. Mounted for free rotation on sleeve 405 is an operating gear wheel 401. This wheel, as will be seen in Figure 1, meshes with the idler gear 40I which, as before explained, is engaged by the pins in one of the actuator units. In order to resiliently retain the operating gear 401 in its normal position of rest, and to prevent overthrow of same while being operated by the actuator, a spring pressed pivoted arm 409 with a roller engaging the gear teeth is provided. A pinion 408 is mounted on a stud secured in the side of gear 401 in such a position as to operate in mesh with both gears 406 and 404. This arrangement constitutes an epicyclic train in which gear 406 is the sun gear, and pinion 408 is the planet gear.

Rigidly keyed to the outer end of sleeve 405 are two contiguous five-toothed ratchet wheels 4IOA and 4IOS. The teeth of these ratchets are positioned in alignment, but face in opposite directions, as may be seen by reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3. The teeth on the inner ratchet 4IOA are faced in the direction for counterclockwise rotation, while those in the outer ratchet 4IOS are faced in the direction for clockwise rotation as view ed in Figures `1, 2, and 3.

A means by which the sleeve 405 is held from turning on shaft 403 is provided in the retaining pawls 4IIA and 4I IS, one of these pawls being provided for each ratchet (see Figure 1) Thus the sleeve 405 and its integral gear wheel 406 are normally held stationary. By inspection of Figures 6 and 7 it is manifest that when the operating gear 401 is rotated by the actuator, the planet pinion 408 will roll on sun gear 406 and a rotation of the accumulator wheel 402 will take place, and the direction of rotation will be the same as that imparted to gear 401. As indicated in Figure 1, the operating gear 401 is provided with 15 teeth and, as indicated in Figure 6, the gear ratios are so arranged that when operating gear 401 is givena movement of T'Yth revolution, a movement of th revolution will be transmitted to the accumulator wheel 402.

The carry or transfer from one numeral wheel to the next of higher order, is effected by rotary movement imparted to the sun gear 406 by means of suitable pawls which at the proper times are caused to act on either ratchet 4IOA'or 4IOS, depending on the direction of transfer.- By inspection of Figure 6 it may be noted that if rotation be imparted -to the sun gear through an angular distance of four teeth, rotation through an angular distance of the same number of teeth will be transmitted to internal gear 404, through the medium of planet gear 408, which now functions as an idler gear. The number of teeth in the sun gear being 20 and the number in the internal gear being 40, it is evident that a rotation of the sun gear an angular distance of lgth turn will be required to rotate numeral wheel 402 through an angular distance of lth turn. Therefore the ratchet wheels 4IOA and 4IOS are each provided with 5 teeth as indicated. Inspection of Figure 6 will also reveal that in order that the direction of rotation of the numeral wheel be clockwise, the direction of the sun gear must be counter-clockwise.

It is to be noted that the rotation of the sun gear 406 is required only for effecting the transfer, andgthis requires the movement of a tenth of a revolution to be imparted to the numeral cent numeral wheel of lower order.

wheel from the adjacent wheel of next lower order. The units numeral wheel of the train having no adjacent wheel of lower order, the sun gear associated therewith must remain constantly at rest. Therefore a means is provided for holding this gear locked. The units wheel being adjacent the end plate of the frame, any form of key device that will lock the sleeve 405 to the end plate may obviously be employed. Such a key is shown at 426 in Figure 4.

For the actuation of ratchets 4IOA and 4IOS, a separate pawl and associated mechanism is provided for each. In the normal positions of all of the operative parts, the direction of rotation imparted to the accumulator wheels is clockwise which is the direction for addition. The pawl for actuating ratchet 4IOS and also the retaining pawl 4I IS for same are held in inoperative positions by suitable control mechanism, to be later described, and only the pawls for engaging the ratchet 4IOA are allowed to function.

For the sake of clearness the normal positions of the parts will at present be considered, and theV mechanism for effecting the transfer in the clockwise or additive direction will be described.

Reference will be made to Figures 1 and 2, inv

A pawl arm 4I2A is pivotally mounted on a shaft 4I3. carriage and is journaled in the end plates thereof as seen in Figure 4. Pivoted on pawl arm 4I2A in operative relation to the ratchet 4IOA -is a pawl 4I4A, which is maintained in engagement with same by a compression spring 4I5A. In Figure 2 this pawl is shown in its position at the end of a forwardY stroke, after havingadvanced the ratchet 4IOA and sun gear 406 1/5th turn in a counter-clockwise direction, and the accumulator wheel 402 th turn in a clockwise direction. .The pawl arm is urged forward by the coil spring 4I6 and is given its retrograde movement by the action on a roller stud 4I1A by a cam which is operatively connected to the adja- This cam is designated by the number 4 I 8A and, as indicated in Figure '1, itis integral with the adjacent numeral wheel, The rotation imparted to this wheel by the actuator being clockwise, the rotation of cam 4I8A is also clockwise and, in Fig- Yure 2 it is shown in its position immediately after roller stud 4I 1A has been released and the transfer has been effected.

Retrograde movement of the ratchet 4IOA is checked by the retaining pawl 4IIA, to which reference has previously been made. This pawl is pivotally mounted on yshaft 4I3 as indicated in Figure l. It is urged into engagement with the ratchet 4IOA by means of the coil spring- 4I9. For preventing overthrow of the ratchet 4IOA a small projecting lug 4I 2O is provided in the pawl arm 4I2A. This lug engages a tooth in the contiguous ratchet 4IOS when the full stroke position is reached and the rotation is thereby arrested.`

The above description covers the mechanism `for effecting the transfer of the numeral wheels nism for the counter-clockwise, or subtractive This shaft extends the length of the direction of the numeral wheels are identical with those of the transfer mechanism for the clockwise or additive direction of same. In the drawings theyv are designated by the same numerals with the letter ,S instead of the letter A appended thereto. These members of the transfer mechanism for the subtractive direction are, as above explained, nor ally held in inoperative positions and the mechanism by which this is accomplished will now be described.

The shaft 4 I3, as previously explained, is journaled in the end plates of the carriage which support the accumulator wheel train. On the projecting ends of the shaft are rigidly secured, in true alignment, two identical arms 420 (see Figures 4 and 5). These arms are connected by bars 42| and 422 to form a rigid 'oscillable frame of which shaft 4|3 is the pivotal member. This frame will be hereinafter referred to as the control frame. Suitable slots are provided in the end.` plates through which the bars 42| and 422 pass, said slots being of sufficient length to allow the requisite extent of oscillation for the frame.

In the oscillation of the control frame, bar member 42| will engage the upwardly projecting arms of the retaining pawls 4| |A and 4| IS, and the bar 422 will engage the ear-like projections on pawls 4| 4A and 4 4S. I n Figures 1 and 2, the frame has been oscillated to .its extreme position in a counter-clockwise direction. In this position the bar 42| is holding the retaining pawl 4| IS away from its ratchet 4|IJS, and the bar 422 is holding the pawl 4|4S out of engagement with the same ratchet. A small bent over lug 424S on pawl 4|4S causes the pawl arm 4|2S to be forced back with it, and thus the roller stud 4|1S is being held clear of its operating cam 4|8S as shown. Thus, in the position of the control frame shown in Figures 1 and 2; the set of transfer members adapted to effect transfer in additive direction are operative, while the identical set for effecting transfer in the subtractive direction are beingv held inoperative.

Reversing the control frame by oscillating it in a clockwise direction to its extreme position will of course throw the set of the members that were in operative position into their inoperative positions and allow theset of members adapted for effecting transfer in the subtractive direction to become operative. This condition is shown in Figure 3.

The mechanism by which the control frame is oscillated from one position to the other comprises two levers 423, each pivoted on shaft 403, one at each end of the carriage. The downwardly extending arms of the levers are joined by a bar 425 which is rmly secured in each to form a rigid bail-like frame that will oscillate on shaft 493. The upward projecting arms of levers 423 are provided with slotted openings which embrace the ends of bar 42| of the control frame. Suitable openings are provided in the base of the carriage, through which the depending arms of the levers 423 extend and may oscillate with sufcient clearance.

By reference to Figure 5, the manner in which the control frame may be shifted from one position to the other by movement of bar 425 may be readily seen. In this view therpo'sition of the control frame is thesame as that shown in Figures 1 and 2. A movement of bar 425 to the left will evidently swing the lever 420 in a clockwise direction on the shaft 4|3. 'I'his will bring bars 42| and 422 into the positions indicated in Figure 3, in which they-are holding the members for effecting transfer in the additive direction inoperative. y

The bar 425 is adapted to be operated by a rock lever 299 which is pivoted on a shaft 298 that is rigidly mounted in the machine frame. The upper end of this lever is slotted to embrace the 'bar 425 and it is resiliently held in the position shown in Figure 1 by means of the coil spring 296 which constantly urges it toward the right. This is the normal position in which the control frame is allowing only transfer to take place in the additive direction.

In motor driven machines of the type represented by the machine disclosed in the above referred to Friden Patent No. 1,643,710, the operation of the mechanism in performing a calculation is controlled by two keys, one of which is known as the plus key, and the other as the minus key. Depression of either key will cause the engagement of a suitable clutch that will connect the motor drive to the calculating mechanism. Depression of the plus key will cause rotation of the actuator in the direction for addition and depression of the minus key will cause rotation of same in the direction for subtraction.

It being assumed that the mechanism of the machine-in the present disclosure is identical, except for the construction of the actuator and accumulator, with that disclosed in the said Friden patent, it is not deemed necessary to describe herein the above mentioned control keys and their operative connections.

The direction of rotation of the actuator is controlled by a link 224 which is seen in Figures 6 and 8 in said patent. As therein described, depression of the plus key moves this bar toward the left, which adjusts the gear connections for addition, and depression of the minus key moves said link to the right, which adjusts the gear connections as for subtraction.

In the present disclosure the counterpart for the above mentioned link is shown in Figure 1 and is designated by the same number 224. A projecting portion 224A has been added thereon, the same being in position for engagement with a stud 291 fixed in the lower arm of rocker lever 299. The spring 296, as above explained, retains the rock lever 299, and link 224 in the positions shown. Therefore the link 224 -will normally rest in the position in which the direction of rotation of the actuator will be that required for addition. In these normal positions of the parts, the control frame of the accumulator train is retaining all of the transfer members adapted for the subtractive direction of rotation in their inoperative positions. Thus, the depression of the plus key having caused engagement of the power clutch, a calculation in addition will follow.

' Now suppose that the minus key is depressed. The link 224 will be moved to the right. The engagement of projection 224A with stud 291 will rock the lever 299 in a counter-clockwise direction against the tension of the spring 296. Thus the control frame will be swung in a clockwise direction to the position where, as shown in Figure 3, the transfer members adapted for the additive direction of rotation will be rendered operative and those for the subtractive direction will become operative. The depression of the key having caused engagement of the-power clutch, a calculation in subtraction will follow. After the completion of the operation, the minus key having been released, the spring 296 will restore the various members toa the normal positions as shown. i

The zero setting or clearing of the accumulator numeral wheels is eiected by turning the shaft 403 a complete revolution in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 1. The shaft may be rotated by means of a suitable crank placed on either end of same.. A driving device for transmitting the rotation of the shaft to each numeral wheel is shown in Figures 7 and 8. This device comprises a spring pressed ball,

' locatedin a transverse hole in the shaft, the ball projecting to resiliently engage a key in an enlarged portion of the bore of the numeral wheel as shown. One of these devices is of course provided for each numeral wheel.

The normal position of the control frame being that shown in Figures 1 and 2, the rotation of shaft 403 in a counter-clockwise direction will rotate each of the numeral wheels in the same direction untilthe radial face of its cam 4l8A meets the roller stud 4|1A, which is the position shown in Figure 2. The wheel will then be arrested from further movement. 'I'hus all of the numeral wheels will be brought to rest in alignment at the zero positions.

In order to release the operating gear wheels 401 so that the numeral wheels may turn freely during the rotation of shaft 403 in the clearing operation, each of the arms 409 is relieved of its spring pressure by the following-means. The arms 409 operate in slots cutiin a bar 421 as shown in Figure 1. Located in holes drilled in the bar in alignment with the slots are spring pressed balls which bear against the arms as shown. The bar is provided with trunnions 428, one at each end, which are journaled in the end plates of the carriage as quite lvplainly shown in the drawings. Rigidly mounted on the end of shaft 403 at the left end of the carriage (see Figure 4) is a cam 429. Cooperating with this cam is a rider point 432 which is integral with a gear segment 430 pivotally mounted on a stud 43|. This vgear segment engages a similar segment 433 which is mounted on the trunnion end of the bar 421. When the shaft 403 is rotated for the clearance operation the cam 429 will actuate the rider point 432 and rotate the gear segment 430. This by its engagement with segment 433 will rotate the bar 421 on its trunnions and swing it in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Figure l. This will cause the spring pressure to be re- -moved from each of the arms 409 and the engaging ends thereof will fall clear of the teeth in their respective gear wheels 401. Thus all of the numeral wheels in the accumulator train will be released for free rotation in the clearing operation.

In the arrangement of the members of the epicyclic gear train associated with each accumulator numeral wheel as herein shown and described the internal gear member of the train isconnected to the numeral wheel, the sun gear member is actuated by the transfer mechanism and the planet gear is attached to the operating gear to which rotation is transmitted by the actuator. Other arrangements of the members of the epicyclic train may evidently be employed by which the same results will be obtained. I do not, therefore, limit myself to the arrangement of the members of the epicyclic train herein disclosed and it is to be understood that other arrangements thereof may be constructed to serve the same purpose by'anyone skilled in the art.

I claim:

l. In a calculating machine having a train of accumulator numeral wheels; the combination of an epicyclic gear train including a sun gear and a planet gear, said planet gear being in mesh with a gear operatively connected to a numeral wheel; means for driving said planet gear to revolve around the sun gear to effect rotation of said numeral wheel and power storing means controlled by an 'adjacent numeral wheel to rotate said sun gear in either direction to effect rotation of said numeral wheel.

2. In a calculating machine comprising an accumulator having a plurality of denominational elements; the combination of an epicyclic train for driving each of of said elements, means for driving the planet member of said train, and power storing means controlled by an adjacent element for driving the sun member of said train in either direction.

3. In a calculating machine comprising an accumulator having a plurality of denominational elements; the combination of an epicyclic train for driving each of said elements, means for driving one member of said train, and means comprisi ing a source of potential energy and energy storing means therefor controlled by an adjacent element for driving another member of said train in either direction.

4. In a calculating machine including an accumulator wheel train; the combination of means jacent wheel of the accumulator train for imparting a step-by-step rotation to said ratchet wheel.

5. In a calculating machine; an accumulator comprising a plurality of numeral wheels, two concentric gear wheels associated with each numeral wheel, the first one of said gears being operatively connected to its associated numeral wheel, transfer mechanism actuated by the adjacent numeral wheel and adapted to impart intermittent rotation in either direction to the second one of said concentric gear wheels, means for transmitting motion from the actuator to each numeral wheel, comprising an operating gear, a planet gear carried by said operating gear and inmesh with both of said concentric gears, and control mechanism for reversing the direction of rotation imparted to said second concentric gear by said transfer mechanism. i

6. In a calculating machine, an accumulator train including a series of operating wheels carrying planet gears, two concentric gear wheels associated with each operating wheel, means by which the operating wheels are rotated, a numeral wheel operatively connected to the first of the two concentric gears associated with each operating wheel, two oppositely disposed ratchet wheels mounted on the second of the concentric gears, spring driven pawls cooperating` with keach ratchet wheel and retracted by cams connected to an adjacent numeral wheel, one of said pawls with its cooperating ratchet being adapted to impart rotation to said second concentric gear in one direction and the other one of said pawls with its cooperating ratchet being adapted to impart rotation to said gear in the reverse direction, and control means for rendering one or the other of said pawls and its associated retaining pawl inoperative.

7. In a calculating machine, an accumulator including a numeral wheel, an epicyclic gear train associated with said numeral wheel comprising 75 three reversibly operable gear wheels, one of which is in operative connection with its numeral wheel, another which is adapted to be driven to enter amounts into said accumulator and the third with a power storing transfer mechanism actuated by mechanism connected to an adjacent numeral wheel.

8. In a calculating machine, an accumulator including a numeral indicating wheel, an epicyclic gear train associated with the numeral wheel comprising three gear wheels, one of which is operatively connected to said numeral wheel, another which is adapted to be driven to enter amounts into said accumulator and the third being operable by either of two sets of transfer mechanisms, one of which is adapted to impart rotation to said third gear in one direction, and

' the other being adapted to impart rotation to nominational orders of which are operable concurrently and reversibly operable power storing means for transferring between the several orders of said accumulating mechanism while they are being operated.

11. In a calculating machine, an accumulator element, means for entering differential increments therein, and reversibly operable power storing means for entering xed increments therein concurrently with the entry of said differential increments.

12. In a calculating machine, a reversible registering element, means comprising an actuator for selectively entering diierential increments of opposite sign character therein, means for controlling the sign character of said differential increments, means for entering fixed increments in said registering element concurrently with the entry of said diierential increments, and means operable as an incident to the operation of said controlling means for determining the sign character of said iixed increments.

13. Ina calculating machine, an accumulator element, reversible means for entering diierential increments therein, reversing control means therefor, reversibly operable means for entering xed increments therein concurrently with the entry of said differential increments, and means controlled by said reversing control means for determining the sign character of said fixed increments.

PAUL BIALIK. 

